Former Rare composer David Wise is responsible for some of the best soundtracks ever heard in a video game, and for the longest time, he was the company's main resource when it came to creating music for its NES, SNES, Game Boy and N64 output.
He's been speaking to US Gamer – alongside the equally brilliant Grant Kirkhope – about what it was like to create music on Nintendo's consoles, and explains that while the N64 lacked the massive storage space needed to create CD-quality tunes, it offered some neat tricks of its own:
With the N64 having MIDI, it meant that we could have dynamic responsive scores that react to the gameplay environments. Even though our competitors could use a CD, it was a fixed track and had limited scope for reactive music.
Of course, there was nothing stopping PlayStation or Saturn developers from using the built-in audio hardware of those consoles to perform similar tricks, but the overriding trend back in the '90s was to instead pull CD-quality audio from the disc – whereas with the N64, developers had no choice but to create audio using the console's own hardware.
In the same interview, Kirkhope reveals that the high quality of Nintendo's in-house music was a constant reminder that Rare had to create the best tunes possible:
You had to try your best to write a good melody and set of chords, as most of the time that was the best you could do. Rare were huge Nintendo fans, so I was constantly being reminded as to how good the Nintendo OSTs were.
Speaking of Nintendo, Wise adds that, during the development of Donkey Kong Country – which contains what is arguably some of his best work – he played host to a very special visitor:
Miyamoto-san visited Rare whilst we were developing the first Donkey Kong Country titles. It was quite surreal demonstrating music I'd created whilst Miyamoto-san was in my studio, listening.
We'd recommend you read the entire interview here, and also check out our own recent interview with the pair here. We also spoke extensively to Wise and the team at Playtonic games about working together on the music for Yooka-Laylee and the Impossible Lair, so feel free to check out that interview too, if you fancy it.
[source usgamer.net]
Comments 48
Very interesting. Still, having the option to have the benefits of cd audio would not have been a bad thing. I figure it might have helped out with voice samples and FMVs. Even if RE2 showed that FMVs were possible. In the end I can't say I ever felt the N64 audio was ever lacking in the games I played.
As a matter of fact, the N64 has some of the most memorable tunes I know of.
Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest
This is not a game. This is a soundtrack for 10 Oscars, 10 Pulitzers, 10 Nobels and 10 Emmys.
@Bomberman64 those RE2 FMV's were impressive in that they worked but not much else and that game has horrible audio
I think all the cartridge based consoles had some great and memorable music as developers worked around the rather unique sound chips of each. Though I do think Nintendo probably should have gone CD that generation for all of the other benefits they would gain
I remember these two kids i knew back when i was a teen who used to go on and on about how the playstation was so much better because the games were on CD and Nintendo wasn't cool anymore. My mom asked me which system did i want for my birthday one year and i still chose N64. I didn't care who had the better technology or who was considered cool. I knew what i liked and i stuck with the cartridge based underdog!
@Cosats he is easily, EASILY the best composer of the 90s. Considering what he had to work with the result was on par with turning lead into gold.
@Zeldafan79 I had a PlayStation on launch day. After I was done with Ridge racer, Raiden, crash, soul blade, ace combat, then I moved onto a 64. But I can't talk bad about the PlayStation since I spent almost all my time stuck on 007 with rare time in banjo. I do wish I bought 64 at launch though. Dreamcast was still my best purchase.
@sixrings
Not knocking the playstation. You had your Tomb raiders, resident evils, FF VII and crash bandicoot. On the other hand there was alot of filler too. Larger library didn't exactly mean it was better but clearly sales wise more popular. It wasn't until i finished Both N64 zelda's that i went back and explored what i missed on playstation.
I definitely think that cartridges at least meant the N64 was host to different types of games compared to the PS1 and Saturn. If the N64 had a CD drive like them it probably would have meant more ports and more games propped up by FMV and forgettable red book CD music. By being different it allowed the console to offer lots of unique experiences. (I'm not ragging on the PS1 or Saturn BTW, that era of consoles is one of my absolute favourites and I love all three systems equally).
Thinking about it, even if Nintendo had gone with CDs it might not have made much difference to the publishers who abandoned them. While cartridge costs and limitations would have been an issue, Nintendo's licensing model was likely the main reason publishers wanted to jump ship and Nintendo probably wouldn't have changed their model much even if they were using CDs.
So it may well have been for the best that Nintendo carried on doing their own thing with the N64, just like they've always done for better (Wii, Switch) or worse (Virtual Boy, Wii U)...
Y'know, I agree with David Wise, but I'm wondering, are there any N64 games that actually do this? Does Diddy Kong Racing have an adaptive soundtrack? I'm not super familiar with many N64 games so I don't know, but I've never noticed any N64 games having an adaptive soundtrack.
@Zeldafan79 I started out with an N64 and got a PS, and thus began my days as having both Sony and Nintendo after beginning with the NES and Master System, then the SNES exclusively.
My view is that I always play for the games...and I just happen to like Nintendo games best. and coincidentally, the PS1 could have their CD soundtracks, but I found myself finishing Starfox64 to listen to the high scores theme for hours or Wave Race 64 night course.
@Severian
Totally agree! Another favorite N64 track for me was the credits theme on Mario 64!
David Wise is a genius and the N64 really did have some great tunes. Even outside of the first party stuff, the Snowboard Kids soundtracks are absolute bangers.
@Zeldafan79 One of the best songs in the whole generation then! Such a wonderful track!
@Zeldafan79
I am so happy these days that listening to video game OSTs is normal (and even better than the garbage from some films, according to my friends who compose in Hollywood who have appeared in video games too). People thought I was weird for liking the Little Nemo OST on NES and the DKC trilogy soundtrack.
"Why the hell do you have VIDEO GAME soundtracks? You SUBSCRIBED to Nintendo Power so you could ORDER Nintendo merchandise? You're brainwashed!"
"Nah, I just have good taste. "
@Severian I am listening to videogames OSTs every single day since years! It's too good for working because they have no lyrics and are usually remarkable music tracks of almost every kind ! Even now I am listening (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAktXjsl9s0) and I am doing a Final Cut Pro X movie project! All these guys that are looking us like weirdos, have no clue what is going on. They simply cannot understand us. Even on radio, you will listen always to same songs and you will get bored to death after a time.
@mystman12 The Banjo-Games are the best example, where the music sounds different depending on the area of the world you are in, but changes without a break between
Sneaky placement of a photo of an N64 with an Everdrive cartridge inserted there, @NintendoLife...
Adaptive soundtrack is cool but how many N64 games are memorable today regarding the soundtrack outside of Zelda maybe?
@mystman12 I know for certain that Perfect Dark did.It upped the tempo or changed the music loops depending on whether you were in combat or out of combat and what was occuring in the game at that point. It's subtle and you don't realise it, but it certainly added to the immersion back in the day.
I kind of remember Blast corps doing something similar when running low on time or if a building needed destroying. Then after you cleared the building the music would settle down a bit. Emphasised the panic of about to fail the mission.
@GiygasAF Banjo and Mario 64 arent memorable?
@GiygasAF I don't know if that's a joke but the N64 has several of the best game soundtracks ever. Banjo Kazooie is arguably better than Zelda, as is Mario 64 and plenty more
@xpownz
Not for me at least. I tend to only really find music from RPGs memorable though.
I loved the interactive music especially in Banjo Kzooie and Conker´s bad fur day!
@mystman12 Banjo-Kazooie had, e.g., underwater versions of level themes. Some levels had a few more versions.
@mystman12 from memory DKR does use adaptive music in the over world. As you get close to an area door you start to hear traces of the music from that area.
There were a few advantages to cartridges even if there weren’t as many as Nintendo probably thought internally. Unfortunately CDs were just so much cheaper (& Sony completely outmarketed Nintendo).
Back then there's two routes to go in terms of making games with great music:
If you want midi audios you choose the cartridge route.
If you want superior audios you go the disc route.
Sega went back and forth on both and falls flat.
I remember feeling bad back in the N64 days because I thought I was really missing out by not having a PS1. But in hindsight, I realize that was not the case at all. I was spared all the horrible loading times of the era, most of the games I thought I wanted on PS1 back then weren't actually good (for me), and the ones that were would be playable later in much better versions.
And the N64 audio may have been "worse", but still the sounds and music in Super Mario 64, Waverace and Banjo Kazooie were the most memorable to me from games of that era. EDIT: And Star Fox, and Diddy Kong Racing.
I believe any real talented content creator will create their best work while working with restrictions of some kind. Meaning when you're forced to get creative and stick to the meat and potatoes of the project and cut out the fat. Working with the restrictions of the N64 is how we have the most iconic tunes of the era (possibly even more iconic than anything today).
I apply that especially to film making. It feels like not as much is cut out anymore and therefore almost all genres of films whether its comedy, action, drama, romantic comedy etc. are all average between over 2 hours to 2 hours & 45 minutes. As I watch to me there's a lot of unnecessary fluff. Directors don't cut as much because everything they do is golden to them. Back in the 70s, 80s, and 90s directors were forced to cut their movies down even if that means major scenes were cut entirely. In my opinion it made them get creative and make it work. Best example of that is James Cameron's "Aliens". As big budget of a film it was he was forced to cut out a lot of the movie. I was blown away how much was added to the Special Edition release with more of the Colony, Newt's family, the cool sentry guns and any other extended scenes. With limitations you're creative talent is tested. Without I believe it's easy to get carried away and lose sight of some of that unique creativity. Sometimes less is more.
@Lordplops @Cosats I don't know if you know it but there is a guy called Jammin' Sam Miller and he is doing some remastering on the Donkey Kong Country snes music !!! These are awesome!
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKaTWjXt6tJ9S6K0YFJVEfQ/videos
Nintendo should hire him!
The Nintendo64 fundamentally a far superior console on every single level compared to the Saturn and PS1. That fact alone was reason enough surely?
Who's gonna tell Kirkhope that the PS1 could do midi too.
I think hes a good composer but I definitely wouldnt say he's the best of the generation when FFVII blows anything hes done out of the water.
Everdrive in the picture.
@Thesharkfromjaws Oh yes the music from Snowboard Kids was awesome. Got it going through my head right now.
Talking of great N64 music. The opening title music of Castlevania 64. The Rondo of Blood tune (is it called Bloodlines?) played on a violin. I always let it play before playing the game.
Most of the best video game music I think of is MIDI. All the great SNES soundtracks and even the soundtrack on FFVII on the PS1 was all MIDI.
@GravyThief As soon as you mentioned the Castlevania 64 opening music it came straight into my head. Awesome tune with the violin.
@GiygasAF Diddy Kong Racing comes to mind as a game that made great use of reactive music. The overworld music would change dynamically based on where you were in it which according to this interview would have been harder to do on PS1.
It's hard to nail down exactly what constitutes reactive music, since I would imagine you can achieve a similar effect by fading into/ or out of certain tracks like when transitioning between areas (as was mentioned above). Now perhaps that qualifies by definition but people are more likely to associate the phenomena as changes within a unique score, which are relevant to some situational event on the screen.
Perhaps that it is exactly what occurs in Diddy Kong Racing, it's just been too long since that game for me to remember those moments.
N64 is my favorite console, but that's a pretty weak argument. Because you were forced to do something doesnt mean it was better.
@nab1 And to add to that list of games with amazing music there's
Bomberman Hero
Both Bomberman 64s (yeh ik)
Paper Mario
Both Zeldas (just thinking of Zelda's lullaby credits of oot)
FZero X
Kirby
Super Smash Bros. (its remixes and original tunes)
Goemon
Donkey Kong 64
Etc.
@Bomberman64 Actually, I can't believe I forgot about Bomberman 64, it's one of my favorite game soundtracks ever, they don't make that many games anymore with such happy and inspiring music. I still have my original cartridge, and play the VC version from time to time on Wii U.
@mystman12 I know that Rogue Squadron does. I think Battle for Naboo does as well. That's all I know off the top of my head, but at least one of David Wise's soundtracks must have, otherwise he wouldn't have said that.
@GiygasAF Super Mario 64, Goldeneye 007, Rogue Squadron.
Tekken, Crash Bandicoot, Wipeout all looked amazing to me... but then I saw Mario 64 and my choice was made... then came Mario kart 64, 007 and Banjo Kazooie. No regrets.
Yes, let's argue that a lack of choice is actually better.
Or you can have games like the Soul Reaver on the ps1 that had both high quality audio including Ozar Midrashim that also played during gameplay and also completely dynamic music.
Cya
Raziel-chan
I remember Nintendo touting Zelda OOT as one of the first games that would have the music subtly change on you in real-time depending on the situation (e.g. enemy encounters). People take it for granted now but at the time that was a really awesome feature to have and was only possible on the N64
@GiygasAF Goldeneye, Star Fox 64, Tetrisphere, Jet Force Gemini, Smash Bros, F-Zero X, Diddy Kong Racing, Banjo-Kazooie, Super Mario 64, Ogre Battle 64, 1080 Snowboarding just to name a few.
Each of those games have their soundtracks burned into my memory.
Another thing CD load/access time is slower then a SSD or RAM/ROM cart device can load/access far faster that is another BIG reason. It's like comparing a SSD/NVMe/MicroSD drive to a Optical drive load time. Which one do you think would load/access faster. That's not Rocket Science here.
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